microsoft/phi-3.5-vision-instruct

Model Summary

Description	Phi-3.5-vision is a lightweight, state-of-the-art open multimodal model built upon datasets which include - synthetic data and filtered publicly available websites - with a focus on very high-quality, reasoning dense data both on text and vision. The model belongs to the Phi-3 model family, and the multimodal version comes with 128K context length (in tokens) it can support. The model underwent a rigorous enhancement process, incorporating both supervised fine-tuning and direct preference optimization to ensure precise instruction adherence and robust safety measures. This model is ready for commercial and research use.
Release date	August 20, 2024
License	MIT
Architecture	Phi-3.5-vision has 4.2B parameters and contains image encoder, connector, projector, and Phi-3 Mini language model.
Inputs	Text and Image. It’s best suited for prompts using the chat format.
Context length	128K tokens
Outputs	Generated text (string) in response to the input
Status	This is a static model trained on an offline text dataset with cutoff date March 15, 2024. Future versions of the tuned models may be released as we improve models.

Nothing contained in this Model Card should be interpreted as or deemed a restriction or modification to the license the model is released under.

Third-Party Community Consideration

This model is not owned or developed by NVIDIA. This model has been developed and built to a third-party’s requirements for this application and use case.

Resources

🏡 Phi-3 Portal
📰 Phi-3 Microsoft Blog
📖 Phi-3 Technical Report
🛠️ Phi-3 on Azure AI Studio
👩‍🍳 Phi-3 Cookbook

Release Notes

In this release, the model enables multi-frame image understanding and reasoning which is based on valuable customer feedback. The hero example multi-frame capabilities include detailed image comparison, multi-image summarization/storytelling and video summarization, which have broad applications in many scenarios. We also observed performance improvement on most single image benchmarks, e.g., boosting MMMU performance from 40.2 to 43.0, MMBench performance from 80.5 to 81.9, document understanding benchmark TextVQA from 70.9 to 72.0. We believe most use cases will benefit from this release, but we encourage users to test the new model in their AI applications. We appreciate the enthusiastic adoption of the Phi-3 model family and continue to welcome all the feedback from the community.

Intended Use

Primary Use Cases

The model is intended for broad commercial and research use in English. The model provides uses for general purpose AI systems and applications with visual and text input capabilities which require:

1. Memory/compute constrained environments
2. Latency bound scenarios
3. General image understanding
4. Optical character recognition
5. Chart and table understanding
6. Multiple image comparison
7. Multi-image or video clip summarization

Our model is designed to accelerate research on language and multimodal models, for use as a building block for generative AI powered features.

Out-of-Scope Use Cases

Our models are not specifically designed or evaluated for all downstream purposes. Developers should consider common limitations of language models as they select use cases, and evaluate and mitigate for accuracy, safety, and fariness before using within a specific downstream use case, particularly for high risk scenarios. Developers should be aware of and adhere to applicable laws or regulations (including privacy, trade compliance laws, etc.) that are relevant to their use case.

Usage

Input Formats

Given the nature of the training data, the Phi-3.5-vision model is best suited for prompts using the chat format as follows:

Single image:

Copy Code
<|user|>\n<|image_1|>\n{prompt}<|end|>\n<|assistant|>\n

Multi-turn conversations:

Copy Code
<|user|>\n<|image_1|>\n{prompt_1}<|end|>\n<|assistant|>\n{response_1}<|end|>\n<|user|>\n{prompt_2}<|end|>\n<|assistant|>\n

For multi-image usage, add multiple image placeholders in the front of the prompts. <|image_{}|> index should start from 1. One example of prompt is shown as follows:

Copy Code
<|user|>\n<|image_1|>\n<|image_2|>\n<|image_3|>\n<|image_4|>\n{prompt}<|end|>\n<|assistant|>\n 

Loading the model locally

After obtaining the Phi-3.5-vision-instruct model checkpoints, users can use this sample code for inference.

Copy Code
from PIL import Image 
import requests 
from transformers import AutoModelForCausalLM 
from transformers import AutoProcessor 

model_id = "microsoft/Phi-3.5-vision-instruct" 

model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained(model_id, device_map="cuda", trust_remote_code=True, torch_dtype="auto", _attn_implementation='flash_attention_2')

processor = AutoProcessor.from_pretrained(model_id, trust_remote_code=True, num_crops=4) 

images = []
placeholder = ""
for i in range(1,20):
    url = f"https://image.slidesharecdn.com/azureintroduction-191206101932/75/Introduction-to-Microsoft-Azure-Cloud-{i}-2048.jpg" 
    images.append(Image.open(requests.get(url, stream=True).raw))
    placeholder += f"<|image_{i}|>\n"

messages = [
    {"role": "user", "content": placeholder+"Summarize the deck of slides."},
]

prompt = processor.tokenizer.apply_chat_template(messages, tokenize=False, add_generation_prompt=True)

inputs = processor(prompt, images, return_tensors="pt").to("cuda:0") 

generation_args = { 
    "max_new_tokens": 1000, 
    "temperature": 0.0, 
    "do_sample": False, 
} 

generate_ids = model.generate(**inputs, eos_token_id=processor.tokenizer.eos_token_id, **generation_args) 

# remove input tokens 
generate_ids = generate_ids[:, inputs['input_ids'].shape[1]:]
response = processor.batch_decode(generate_ids, skip_special_tokens=True, clean_up_tokenization_spaces=False)[0] 

print(response)

Model Version(s):

[Use unique identifier for identifying the model in the future- this may be part of our internal naming, specifying variation like "pruned," "unpruned," "trained," or "deployable" or "quantized" where necessary and including a versioning number like vX.X along with short description differentiating if multiple versions are available]

Datasets

Dates	Trained between July and August 2024
Training time	6 days
Training data	500B tokens (vision tokens + text tokens)

Our training data includes a wide variety of sources, and is a combination of

1. publicly available documents filtered rigorously for quality, selected high-quality educational data and code;
2. selected high-quality image-text interleave data;
3. newly created synthetic, “textbook-like” data for the purpose of teaching math, coding, common sense reasoning, general knowledge of the world (science, daily activities, theory of mind, etc.), newly created image data, e.g., chart/table/diagram/slides, newly created multi-image and video data, e.g., short video clips/pair of two similar images;
4. high quality chat format supervised data covering various topics to reflect human preferences on different aspects such as instruct-following, truthfulness, honesty and helpfulness.

The data collection process involved sourcing information from publicly available documents, with a meticulous approach to filtering out undesirable documents and images. To safeguard privacy, we carefully filtered various image and text data sources to remove or scrub any potentially personal data from the training data.

Below are the comparison results on existing multi-image benchmarks. On average, our model outperforms competitor models on the same size and competitive with much bigger models on multi-frame capabilities and video summarization.

BLINK: a benchmark with 14 visual tasks that humans can solve very quickly but are still hard for current multimodal LLMs.

Benchmark	Phi-3.5-vision-instrust	LlaVA-Interleave-Qwen-7B	InternVL-2-4B	InternVL-2-8B	Gemini-1.5-Flash	GPT-4o-mini	Claude-3.5-Sonnet	Gemini-1.5-Pro	GPT-4o
Art Style	87.2	62.4	55.6	52.1	64.1	70.1	59.8	70.9	73.3
Counting	54.2	56.7	54.2	66.7	51.7	55.0	59.2	65.0	65.0
Forensic Detection	92.4	31.1	40.9	34.1	54.5	38.6	67.4	60.6	75.8
Functional Correspondence	29.2	34.6	24.6	24.6	33.1	26.9	33.8	31.5	43.8
IQ Test	25.3	26.7	26.0	30.7	25.3	29.3	26.0	34.0	19.3
Jigsaw	68.0	86.0	55.3	52.7	71.3	72.7	57.3	68.0	67.3
Multi-View Reasoning	54.1	44.4	48.9	42.9	48.9	48.1	55.6	49.6	46.6
Object Localization	49.2	54.9	53.3	54.1	57.3	57.4	62.3	65.6	68.0
Relative Depth	69.4	77.4	63.7	67.7	32.8	58.1	71.8	76.6	71.0
Relative Reflectance	37.3	34.3	32.8	38.8	32.8	27.6	36.6	38.8	40.3
Semantic Correspondence	36.7	31.7	31.7	22.3	32.4	31.7	45.3	48.9	54.0
Spatial Relation	65.7	75.5	78.3	78.3	55.9	81.1	60.1	79.0	84.6
Visual Correspondence	53.5	40.7	34.9	33.1	29.7	52.9	72.1	81.4	86.0
Visual Similarity	83.0	91.9	48.1	45.2	47.4	77.8	84.4	81.5	88.1
Overall	57.0	53.1	45.9	45.4	45.1	51.9	56.5	61.0	63.2

Video-MME: comprehensively assess the capabilities of MLLMs in processing video data, covering a wide range of visual domains, temporal durations, and data modalities.

Benchmark	Phi-3.5-vision-instrust	LlaVA-Interleave-Qwen-7B	InternVL-2-4B	InternVL-2-8B	Gemini-1.5-Flash	GPT-4o-mini	Claude-3.5-Sonnet	Gemini-1.5-Pro	GPT-4o
short (<2min)	60.8	62.3	60.7	61.7	72.2	70.1	66.3	73.3	77.7
medium (4-15min)	47.7	47.1	46.4	49.6	62.7	59.6	54.7	61.2	68.0
long (30-60)	43.8	41.2	42.6	46.6	52.1	53.9	46.6	53.2	59.6
Overall	50.8	50.2	49.9	52.6	62.3	61.2	55.9	62.6	68.4

Inference:

Engine: Tensor(RT)
Test Hardware [Name the specific test hardware model]:

• 256 A100-80G
  

Responsible AI Considerations

Like other models, the Phi family of models can potentially behave in ways that are unfair, unreliable, or offensive. Some of the limiting behaviors to be aware of include:

• Quality of Service: The Phi models are trained primarily on English text. Languages other than English will experience worse performance. English language varieties with less representation in the training data might experience worse performance than standard American English.
• Representation of Harms & Perpetuation of Stereotypes: These models can over- or under-represent groups of people, erase representation of some groups, or reinforce demeaning or negative stereotypes. Despite safety post-training, these limitations may still be present due to differing levels of representation of different groups or prevalence of examples of negative stereotypes in training data that reflect real-world patterns and societal biases.
• Inappropriate or Offensive Content: These models may produce other types of inappropriate or offensive content, which may make it inappropriate to deploy for sensitive contexts without additional mitigations that are specific to the use case.
• Information Reliability: Language models can generate nonsensical content or fabricate content that might sound reasonable but is inaccurate or outdated.
• Limited Scope for Code: Majority of Phi-3 training data is based in Python and use common packages such as "typing, math, random, collections, datetime, itertools". If the model generates Python scripts that utilize other packages or scripts in other languages, we strongly recommend users manually verify all API uses.

Developers should apply responsible AI best practices and are responsible for ensuring that a specific use case complies with relevant laws and regulations (e.g. privacy, trade, etc.). Important areas for consideration include:

• Allocation: Models may not be suitable for scenarios that could have consequential impact on legal status or the allocation of resources or life opportunities (ex: housing, employment, credit, etc.) without further assessments and additional debiasing techniques.
• High-Risk Scenarios: Developers should assess suitability of using models in high-risk scenarios where unfair, unreliable or offensive outputs might be extremely costly or lead to harm. This includes providing advice in sensitive or expert domains where accuracy and reliability are critical (ex: legal or health advice). Additional safeguards should be implemented at the application level according to the deployment context.
• Misinformation: Models may produce inaccurate information. Developers should follow transparency best practices and inform end-users they are interacting with an AI system. At the application level, developers can build feedback mechanisms and pipelines to ground responses in use-case specific, contextual information, a technique known as Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG).
• Generation of Harmful Content: Developers should assess outputs for their context and use available safety classifiers or custom solutions appropriate for their use case.
• Misuse: Other forms of misuse such as fraud, spam, or malware production may be possible, and developers should ensure that their applications do not violate applicable laws and regulations.
• Identification of individuals: models with vision capabilities may have the potential to uniquely identify individuals in images. Safety post-training steers the model to refuse such requests, but developers should consider and implement, as appropriate, additional mitigations or user consent flows as required in their respective jurisdiction, (e.g., building measures to blur faces in image inputs before processing).

Security and AI Concerns:

Please report security vulnerabilities or NVIDIA AI Concerns here.

Trademarks

This project may contain trademarks or logos for projects, products, or services. Authorized use of Microsoft trademarks or logos is subject to and must follow Microsoft’s Trademark & Brand Guidelines. Use of Microsoft trademarks or logos in modified versions of this project must not cause confusion or imply Microsoft sponsorship. Any use of third-party trademarks or logos are subject to those third-party’s policies.